The main objectives of the OPRC Convention are to facilitate international cooperation and mutual assistance in preparing for and responding to a marine pollution incident and to encourage states to develop and maintain adequate capability to deal credibly with oil pollution emergencies. The primary international convention aimed at preventing pollution from ships due to operational or accidental causes is MARPOL, which was adopted at the International Maritime Organization. Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans (SMPEP) are developed to provide guidance to the ship's captain in the event of oil spills, whether from routine operations or major incidents like collisions, fires, or explosions.
The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation (OPRC) is a pivotal framework established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to address marine pollution incidents caused by oil spills. Adopted in response to global concerns over environmental degradation, the OPRC obligates participating countries to develop and implement measures for effective preparedness, response, and cooperation in combating oil pollution.
In 1989, a conference of influential industrial nations convened in Paris, urging the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to take decisive action to address pollution caused by ships. Responding to this call, the IMO Assembly endorsed the request in November of the same year, marking the initiation of efforts to develop a comprehensive convention aimed at fostering global cooperation in combating significant incidents or threats of marine pollution. This initiative culminated in the creation of the draft convention, which ultimately evolved into the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation (OPRC).
Under the OPRC, participating countries are obligated to establish measures to effectively address pollution incidents, either through independent efforts or in collaboration with other nations. These measures encompass preparedness, response, and cooperation mechanisms to mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills and other pollution incidents in maritime environments.
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